![]() JAMA Network Open.Ĭorresponding Author: Joshua B. Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. With regards to problem gambling scores, beyond demographic controls, engagement in general sports betting, daily fantasy play, and e-sports wagering were each associated with being categorized as a moderate-risk or-high-risk gambler, although general fantasy sports play was not ( Table 2).Īccepted for Publication: September 17, 2022. ![]() In the combined sample, binary logistic regressions revealed that, for all forms of sports-wagering involvement, being male, younger, more religious, of higher income, and residing in a state where sports wagering is legal were associated with greater likelihood of play ( Table 1). Regarding daily fantasy league play, 10.3% (n = 287) endorsed lifetime history, with 4.2% (n = 117) endorsing past-year play. Regarding paid fantasy sports, 12.9% (n = 364) endorsed lifetime history, with 5.9% (n = 166) endorsing past-year play. Regarding e-sports, 9.1% (n = 256) endorsed lifetime history, with 4.1% (n = 114) endorsing past-year play. Weighted estimates in our census-matched sample found that 17.2% (n = 485) had wagered on sports in their lifetime, with 6.2% (n = 175) endorsing past-year play. The oversample of sports gamblers consisted of 1557 participants (mean age, 41.7 years 1043 men 224 Black individuals, 262 Hispanic individuals, 830 White individuals response rate, 78.7%). The national, census-matched survey consisted of 2806 participants (mean age, 48.9 years 1365 men 340 Black individuals, 460 Hispanic individuals, 1762 White individuals response rate = 87.6%). Two-tailed P < .05, after Holm correction for multiple comparison, was considered statistically significant. We conducted binary logistic regressions, regressing all forms of sports-betting on demographic covariates, and a multinomial logistic regression regressing PGSI score category on demographic covariates and binary indicators of past 12-month sports wagering. We included gender, age, race, education, income, legality of sports wagering in state of residence, and religiousness as covariates in analyses. ![]() Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSSv25 and the stats package in R statistical software (R Project for Statistical Computing). Gamblers completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index 6 (PGSI range = 0-27 mean, 3.78 α = .95 ω = 0.95), resulting in categorizations of scores 6 so that respondents scoring 0 (47% of gamblers in sample) were categorized as no-risk gamblers, 1 to 2 (20.6%) as low risk, 3 to 7 (12.3%) as moderate risk, and 8 and above (20.1%) as high risk. Participants reported their past 12-month engagement with the aforementioned 4 categories of sports wagering. This work was approved by Bowling Green State University institutional review board. Survey results are reported in accordance with the American Association for Public Opinion Research ( AAPOR) reporting guideline for nonprobability internet panels. Full information about this survey and comprehensive demographics data are available online (eTable and eAppendix in the Supplement). In March of 2022, US adults matched and weighted for US norms for age, gender, education, census region, and race and ethnicity as of the 2019 American Community Survey 5 and an oversample of sports-wagering adults in the US, were recruited via YouGov. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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